Portal:China/Anniversaries/December

These are the selected anniversaries for December that appear on the China portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here.

December 1

Births

1916 – Wan Li, Chinese politician

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December 2

Events

1908 – Child Emperor Pu Yi ascends the Chinese throne at age 2.
1954 – The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, between the United States and the Republic of China (Taiwan), is signed in Washington, DC.

Births

885 – Li Cunxu, Chinese emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty (d. 926)

Deaths

1972 – Yip Man, Chinese martial artist (b. 1893)

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December 3

Events

1992 – The 1992 Consensus is finalised between the Straits Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait, setting the foundation for cross-strait dialogue between Mainland China and Taiwan.
1997 – In Ottawa, Canada, representatives from 121 countries sign a treaty prohibiting manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel landmines. The United States, People's Republic of China, and Russia do not sign the treaty, however.

Deaths

2004 – Shiing-Shen Chern, Chinese mathematician (b. 1911)

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December 4

Events

1982 – The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution.

Births

1892 – Liu Bocheng, Chinese army officer (d. 1986)
1895 – Fung Yu-lan, Chinese philosopher (d. 1990)
1982 – Ho-Pin Tung, Dutch-Chinese race car driver
1992 – Guan Xueting, Chinese ice dancer

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December 5

Births

852 – Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor of the Later Liang Dynasty (d. 912)
1377 – Jianwen Emperor of China (d. 1402)
1907 – Lin Biao, Chinese military officer and politician, Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1971)

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December 6

Events

2005 – Several villagers are shot dead during protests in Dongzhou, China.

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December 7

Events

1949 – Chinese Civil War: The government of Republic of China moves from Nanking to Taipei.

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December 8

Events

395 – Later Yan is defeated by its former vassal Northern Wei at the Battle of Canhe Slope.
757 – Du Fu returns to Chang'an as a member of Emperor Xuanzong's court, after having escaped the city during the An Lushan Rebellion.

Births

1900 – Sun Li-jen, Chinese general (d. 1990)
1923 – Rudolph Pariser, Chinese-American chemist
1983 – Liu Song, Chinese snooker player

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December 9

Events

1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking – Japanese troops under the command of Lt. Gen. Asaka Yasuhiko launch an assault on the Chinese city of Nanjing.

Births

1447 – Chenghua Emperor of China (d. 1487)
1979 – Chen Hao, Chinese actress and singer

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December 10

Events

1949 – Chinese Civil War: The People's Liberation Army begins its siege of Chengdu, the last Kuomintang-held city in mainland China, forcing President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to Taiwan.

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December 11

Events

220 – Cao Pi forces Emperor Xian of Han to abdicate the Han Dynasty throne. The Cao Wei empire is established. The Three Kingdoms period begins.
1927 – Guangzhou Uprising: Communist militia and worker Red Guards launch an uprising in the Chinese city of Guangzhou, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.
2001 – The People's Republic of China joins the World Trade Organization.

Births

1911 – Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
1966 – Leon Lai, Chinese singer and actor

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December 12

Events

1915 – President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai (pictured), announces his intention to reinstate the monarchy and proclaim himself Emperor of China.
1936 – Xi'an Incident: The Generalissimo of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, is kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang.
1937 – USS Panay incident: Japanese aircraft bomb and sink US gunboat USS Panay on the Yangtze River in China.

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December 13

Events

1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking – Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese.
1937 – Nanjing Massacre. Japanese troops begin carrying out several weeks worth of raping and murdering hundreds of thousands civilians and suspected Chinese resistance after the fall of Nanjing.

Births

1678 – Yongzheng Emperor of China (d. 1735)
1939 – Eric Flynn, Chinese-Welsh actor and singer (d. 2002)

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December 14

Events

1994 – Construction commences on the Three Gorges Dam, at Sandouping, Yiling, Hubei, China.

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December 15

Events

1161 – Military officers conspire against Emperor Hailingwang of the Jin dynasty and assassinate the emperor in a military camp near the Yangtze river front.
2008 – Direct shipping, flights, and mail between the two sides of the strait commences for the first time since the start of the Chinese Civil War.

Births

1983 – Wang Hao, Chinese table tennis player

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December 16

Events

755 – An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Yanjing, initiating the An Lushan Rebellion during the Tang dynasty of China.
1598 – Seven Year War: Battle of Noryang – Chinese General Chen Lin heavily damage the Japanese fleet, however, the Japanese army succeeds in retreating.
1920 – The Haiyuan earthquake, magnitude 8.5, rocks the Gansu province in China (map pictured), killing an estimated 200,000.
1950 – Korean War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman declares a state of emergency, after Chinese troops enter the fight with communist North Korea.

Deaths

705 – Wu Zetian, Chinese wife Emperor Gaozong of Tang (b. 625)
2012 – John Chen Shi-zhong, Chinese bishop (b. 1917)

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December 17

Births

1987 – Bo Guagua, Chinese son of Bo Xilai

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December 18

Events

1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty of Mongolia and China.
1944 – World War II: 77 B-29 Superfortress and 200 other aircraft of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force bomb Hankow, China, a Japanese supply base.

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December 19

Events

1984 – The Sino-British Joint Declaration, stating that China would resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the United Kingdom would restore Hong Kong to China with effect from July 1, 1997 is signed in Beijing, China by Deng Xiaoping and Margaret Thatcher.

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December 20

Events

1941 – World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers" in Kunming, China.
1999 – Portugal transferred sovereignty of Macau, which it had administered since the mid-16th century, to China.

Deaths

1722 – Kangxi Emperor of China (b. 1654)
2006 – Shi Yuejun, Chinese spree killer (b. 1970)

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December 21

Births

1942 – Hu Jintao, Chinese politician, 6th President of the People's Republic of China
1944 – Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese diplomat (d. 2007)

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December 22

Events

1978 – The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform.